European bison (Bison bonasus) male Białowieza🐃

Photo: Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0

SpeciesArtiodactylaBovidae
Mammals

🐃European bison

Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)

유럽들소(학명: Bison bonasus) 또는 비젠트는 들소의 일종이며 유럽에서 생존하는 지상 포유류 중 가장 무거운 동물이다. 유럽들소의 몸길이는 보통 2.9에서 3.0미터이며, 키는 1.8에서 2.2미터로, 몸무게는 약 1t(1,000kg)이다. 아메리카들소보다는 큰 편이며, 목과 머리에 있는 털도 짧은 편이지만 뿔과 꼬리는 더 길다. 현재는 모두 숲을 방랑하는 종이며, 늑대무리와 불곰을 제외하고는 천적이 거의 없다. 칼 폰 린네에게 1758년에 설명된 종이다. 1996년 국제자연보호연맹은 유럽들소를 멸종위기종으로 분류하였다. 중세부터 가죽과 뿔을 얻기위해서 많이 잡았으며, 현재 남아있는 개체는 사육하에 생존해 있었던 12마리의 후손으로 여겨진다. 따라서 개체군 병목현상이 이들을 특정병에 취약하게 한다. 폴란드, 유라시아 동부, 남동부에 분포한다. 대한민국에선 서울대공원에 1984년에 최초로 들여와서 사육했었고, 태국 사뭇프라칸 동물원과의 동물 교환 이후 한 마리만 남아 있었으나, 2020년부로 마지막 개체가 병으로 폐사하면서 국내에서는 아주 영원히 안타깝게도 소멸 되고 말았다

Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Videos
2
Photos
5
Measurements
13
vs you
≈ 10× your weight
Also called
Bison bonasus, Wisent
Conservation status
NTNear threatened

IUCN Red List assessment, 2020.

Population trendIncreasing
Key measurements
Body mass
625 kg
Body length
2.9 m
Shoulder height
1.72 m
Top speed
not recorded
Bite force
not recorded
Maximum lifespan
33 years
All measurements ↓
Facts and figures

Everything we know about the European bison

Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.

Body mass
625 kg
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 610 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Body length
2.9 m
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Shoulder height
1.72 maverage
Other figures ↓

Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: male.

By sex

  • Male1.72 mKrasinska & Krasinski 2002, Acta Theriologica 47:85-106, Table 8 (authors' own Bialowieza data), https://www.ibs.bialowieza.pl/g2/pdf/1357.pdfMEASURED, Bialowieza free-ranging and captive-centre animals. Withers height, males >=6 years (table row): n 39, mean "172", min-max "158-188" cm; females >=6 years: n 87, mean 152, 134-167 cm. ADW's 1.8-1.95 m 'height' exceeds these measured means -- prefer this primary dataset.
Maximum lifespan
33 years
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 26 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Generation length
9.84 years
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Age at maturity
2.3 years
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Gestation
274 days
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 270 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Litter size
1
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Trophic level
Herbivore
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Activity cycle
Crepuscular / mixed
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Home range
7.91 km²
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Population density
0.88 per km²
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Volume l
625 Laverage
Details ↓

Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.

average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.

Not recorded for European bison yet: top speed, bite force.

Where it sits

Family tree

  1. kingdomAnimalia
  2. ›phylumChordata
  3. ›classMammalia
  4. ›orderArtiodactyla
  5. ›familyBovidae
  6. ›genusBison
  7. ›speciesBison bonasus
Full lineage
  1. classMammals · Mammalia
  2. orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
  3. familyBovidae
  4. subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓
  1. kingdomMetazoa
  2. phylumChordata
  3. subphylumCraniata
  4. subphylumVertebrata
  5. superclassGnathostomata
  6. superclassSarcopterygii
  7. superclassTetrapoda
  8. classMammals · Mammalia
  9. subclassTheria
  10. superorderLaurasiatheria
  11. orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
  12. suborderRuminantia
  13. infraorderPecora
  14. familyBovidae
  15. subfamilyBovinae
More

More about the European bison

Closest relative on this site
🐂 Aurochs — last shared an ancestor ≈ 2.6 million years ago.
What it eats
leaves, roots and other plants100%
In other languages
visent (nb), Wisent (de), Bison bonasus (es), zubr evropský (cs), Bison d'Europe (fr), Bison bonasus (it) … and 26 more languages

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