🐂Aurochs
오록스(Aurochs, 학명: Bos primigenius)는 우제목/경우제목(偶蹄目) 소과(科)에 속한다. 소의 일종으로, 유럽을 중심으로 유라시아 대륙 각지에 넓게 분포하고 있었지만, 17세기에 멸종했다. 현재의 유럽 계통 소의 선조에 해당되는 종으로, 선사시대의 동굴 벽화에 그 모습이 남아 있다. 몸길이는 250~310 cm, 높이 140~185 cm , 체중 600~1000 kg 정도이다. 몸의 빛깔은 수컷이 흑갈색 또는 흑색, 암컷은 갈색이다. 뿔은 크고 매끄러우며, 그 길이는 80 cm 정도로 여겨진다. 개발에 의한 서식지의 감소나 식용 등에 의한 남획, 가축화 등에 의해서 오록스는 소멸하여, 중세에는 이미 현재의 프랑스·독일·폴란드 등의 삼림에서 밖에 볼 수 없게 되고 있었다. 16세기에는 각지에 오록스의 금렵(禁獵)구역이 생겼지만, 그것은 제후가 자신의 수렵을 위해서 만든 것이었으므로, 사냥감이 없어지게 되면 폐쇄되었다. 최후의 오록스는 폴란드의 야크토로프카의 보호구에 있었지만, 거기서도 밀렵에 의해서 오록스의 수는 계속 줄어들었다. 1627년에 마지막 1마리가 폐사했고, 오록스는 멸종했다.
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2023.
- Body mass
- 619 kg
- Body length
- 3.1 m
- Shoulder height
- 1.6 m
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 20 years
This animal is extinct
Assessed Extinct on the IUCN Red List, 2023. Everything on this page — the measurements, the photos, the videos — is a record of an animal that is gone.
Everything we know about the Aurochs
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass619 kgCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Body length3.1 mCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Shoulder height1.6 maverageOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: both.
By sex
- Both1.6 mvan Vuure 2002, 'History, morphology and ecology of the aurochs (Bos primigenius)', Lutra 45(1):1-16, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?doi=7cd5da765261db6b99ce44361fa8078ec7951c42&repid=rep1&type=pdf"...a plausible shoulder height of 160-180 cm in the aurochs bull and ca. 150 cm in the cow result." Paper's summary table gives withers height 170 cm on average (bulls) and 150 cm (cows). Value = midpoint of sex averages; low = cow average, high = bull maximum. Subfossil reconstruction (Matolcsi conversion factors; mounted-skeleton checks after Degerbol & Fredskild 1970), as the brief allows.
Brain mass453 gCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan20 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Generation length8.2 yearsestimatedCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity2.1 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation277 daysCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Litter size1COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Trophic levelHerbivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleDiurnalCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Home range10 km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l619 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
estimated = a model's estimate for a species nobody has measured; average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Aurochs yet: top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderArtiodactyla
- ›familyBovidae
- ›genusBos
- ›speciesBos taurus
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderRuminantia
- infraorderPecora
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
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