AnimalvsAnimal
Bison bison.🦬

Photo: Jack Dykinga · Public domain

SpeciesArtiodactylaBovidae
Mammals

🦬American bison

Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)

Amerika bizonu (Bison bison), boynuzlugiller (Bovidae) familyasının sığırlar (Bovinae) alt familyasında yer alan bir türdür. Kuzey Amerika'nın en büyük kara memelisi olan Amerika bizonu, dünyanın da en büyük vahşi sığır türlerinden biridir. Geçmişte Ova Kızılderililerinin ana besin kaynağıydı. Bu canlının iki alt türünden Orman bizonu (Bison bison bison), daha büyük cüssesi ve hörgücünün hem daha uzun, hem de görece köşeli olmasıyla ayrılır. Diğer alt tür olan çayır bizonu (Bison bison athabasacae) ise daha küçük cüsseli ve yuvarlak hörgüçlüdür. Orman bizonunu, cüsse büyüklüğü itibarıyla yalnızca her ikisi de esasen Hindistan'da bulunan dev Bos gaurus ve vahşi su bufalosu geçer. Amerikan bizonu, her iki alt türü de dikkate alındığında, ABD ve Kanada'nın Büyük Çayırlar (Great Plains) bölgesinde, Kanada'nın iyice kuzeyindeki Büyük Esir Gölü'nden (Great Slave Lake) güneyde Meksika'ya ve doğu Oregon'dan neredeyse Atlas Okyanusu'na kadar olan bir alanda izlenebilmiş devasa sürüler halinde yaşamıştır.

Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Videos
152
Photos
6
Measurements
15
vs you
≈ 10× your weight
Conservation status
NTNear threatened

IUCN Red List assessment, 2017.

Population trendStable
Key measurements
Body mass
625 kg
Body length
2.9 m
Shoulder height
1.66 m
Top speed
52 km/h
Bite force
not recorded
Maximum lifespan
33 years
All measurements ↓
Facts and figures

Everything we know about the American bison

Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.

Body mass
625 kg
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 630 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Body length
2.9 m
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Shoulder height
1.66 maverage1.54–1.76 m · range across sexes
Other figures ↓

Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: female, male.

By sex

  • Male1.76 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
  • Female1.54 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
Top speed
52 km/h
Details ↓

Sprint over a short distance, not a sustained pace. Compilations give 52.0 and 54.43 km/h.

Source: Christiansen 2002, Zool J Linn Soc 136:685 and Bejan & Marden 2006, J Exp Biol 209:238; compiled in Hirt et al. 2017, Nat Ecol Evol 1:1116, Supplementary Data · see citation

Brain mass
334 g
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Maximum lifespan
33 years
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 34 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Generation length
12 years
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Age at maturity
2.5 years
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Gestation
274 days
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 274 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Litter size
1
COMBINE
Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

  • 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Trophic level
Herbivore
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Activity cycle
Crepuscular / mixed
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Home range
47 km²
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Population density
0.15 per km²
COMBINE
Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Volume l
625 Laverage
Details ↓

Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.

average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.

Not recorded for American bison yet: bite force.

Where it sits

Family tree

  1. kingdomAnimalia
  2. ›phylumChordata
  3. ›classMammalia
  4. ›orderArtiodactyla
  5. ›familyBovidae
  6. ›genusBison
  7. ›speciesBison bison
Full lineage
  1. classMammals · Mammalia
  2. orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
  3. familyBovidae
  4. subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓
  1. kingdomMetazoa
  2. phylumChordata
  3. subphylumCraniata
  4. subphylumVertebrata
  5. superclassGnathostomata
  6. superclassSarcopterygii
  7. superclassTetrapoda
  8. classMammals · Mammalia
  9. subclassTheria
  10. superorderLaurasiatheria
  11. orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
  12. suborderRuminantia
  13. infraorderPecora
  14. familyBovidae
  15. subfamilyBovinae
More

More about the American bison

Closest relative on this site
🐃 Domestic yak — last shared an ancestor ≈ 2.0 million years ago.
What it eats
leaves, roots and other plants100%
In other languages
Amerikanischer Bison (de), Bison bison (es), Bison d'Amérique (fr), bizon amerykański (pl), 北美野牛 (zh), amerikai bölény (hu) … and 27 more languages
More photos
Bison bison.The largest mammal in North America, an adult male bison can weigh 2,000 pounds! Females are smaller, weighing no more than 1,000 pounds.Photo by Tina Shaw/USFWS.
All 6 photos in the gallery →

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