🐂Aurochs
Yaban öküzü (Bos primigenius), Asya, Avrupa ve Kuzey Afrika'da yaşamış ve soyu tükenmiş bir vahşi sığır türü olup evcil sığırın atasıdır. Bos primigenius primigenius da dahil olmak üzere vahşi alt türlerin soyu tükenmiş olsa da, mevcut evcil sığırlar, yaban öküzünün alt türü olarak kabul edilir. Bu makalede "yaban öküzü" terimi aksi belirtilmedikçe yalnızca soyu tükenmiş vahşi alt türlere atıfta bulunacaktır. Bos primigenius primigenius, Polonya'daki Jaktorów Ormanı'nda kaydedilen son yaban öküzlerinin öldüğü 1627 yılına kadar Avrupa'da yaşamıştı. Tarım devrimi sırasında en az iki yaban öküzü evcilleştirme olayı meydana geldi: zebu sığırlarına yol açan Hint yaban öküzüyle (B. p. namadicus), evcil sığırlara yol açan Avrasya alt türü Bos p. primigenius. Modern sığırların pek çok ırkı, boğalarda koyu renk, sırt boyunca açık yılan balığı şeridi, ineklerin daha açık renkli olması veya yaban öküzüne benzer bir boynuz şekli gibi yaban öküzlerinin özelliklerini paylaşır.
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2023.
- Body mass
- 619 kg
- Body length
- 3.1 m
- Shoulder height
- 1.6 m
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 20 years
This animal is extinct
Assessed Extinct on the IUCN Red List, 2023. Everything on this page — the measurements, the photos, the videos — is a record of an animal that is gone.
Everything we know about the Aurochs
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass619 kgCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Body length3.1 mCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Shoulder height1.6 maverageOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: both.
By sex
- Both1.6 mvan Vuure 2002, 'History, morphology and ecology of the aurochs (Bos primigenius)', Lutra 45(1):1-16, https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?doi=7cd5da765261db6b99ce44361fa8078ec7951c42&repid=rep1&type=pdf"...a plausible shoulder height of 160-180 cm in the aurochs bull and ca. 150 cm in the cow result." Paper's summary table gives withers height 170 cm on average (bulls) and 150 cm (cows). Value = midpoint of sex averages; low = cow average, high = bull maximum. Subfossil reconstruction (Matolcsi conversion factors; mounted-skeleton checks after Degerbol & Fredskild 1970), as the brief allows.
Brain mass453 gCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan20 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Generation length8.2 yearsestimatedCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity2.1 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation277 daysCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Litter size1COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Trophic levelHerbivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleDiurnalCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Home range10 km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l619 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
estimated = a model's estimate for a species nobody has measured; average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Aurochs yet: top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderArtiodactyla
- ›familyBovidae
- ›genusBos
- ›speciesBos taurus
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderRuminantia
- infraorderPecora
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
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