🦬Photo: Jack Dykinga · Public domain
🦬American bison
アメリカバイソン(Bison bison)は、哺乳綱 偶蹄目(鯨偶蹄目とする説もあり)ウシ科バイソン属に分類される偶蹄類。ヘイゲンバイソンとシンリンバイソンの2亜種または2つのエコタイプが認識されている。アメリカ合衆国の国獣に指定されており、合衆国では毎年11月の第一土曜日はバイソンの日に制定されている。 バイソン属の多様性は第四紀の大量絶滅を経て激減し、現生では本種とヨーロッパバイソンのみ生存している。これらのバイソンはどちらもステップバイソンの子孫であり、各々が現生種として生存する過程で小型化したにもかかわらず、(他のより大型のメガファウナの大量絶滅を経た結果)現代の北米大陸・シベリア・ヨーロッパにおける最大の陸棲野生動物である。 現代に生きる「アメリカバイソン」の多くまたは全てが家畜のウシとの混血である。また、1920年代を契機に遺伝的・形態的に純粋なシンリンバイソンが消失(絶滅)し、現代の「シンリンバイソン」とされる個体はすべてヘイゲンバイソンおよびウシの血統を持つ雑種である可能性がある。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2017.
- Body mass
- 625 kg
- Body length
- 2.9 m
- Shoulder height
- 1.66 m
- Top speed
- 52 km/h
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 33 years
Everything we know about the American bison
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass625 kgCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 630 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Body length2.9 mCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Shoulder height1.66 maverage1.54–1.76 m · range across sexesOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: female, male.
By sex
- Male1.76 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
- Female1.54 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
Top speed52 km/hDetails ↓Hide ↑
Sprint over a short distance, not a sustained pace. Compilations give 52.0 and 54.43 km/h.
Source: Christiansen 2002, Zool J Linn Soc 136:685 and Bejan & Marden 2006, J Exp Biol 209:238; compiled in Hirt et al. 2017, Nat Ecol Evol 1:1116, Supplementary Data · see citation
Brain mass334 gCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan33 yearsCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 34 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Generation length12 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity2.5 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation274 daysCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 274 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Litter size1COMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Trophic levelHerbivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleCrepuscular / mixedCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Home range47 km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Population density0.15 per km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l625 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for American bison yet: bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderArtiodactyla
- ›familyBovidae
- ›genusBison
- ›speciesBison bison
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderRuminantia
- infraorderPecora
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
More about the American bison
カメラがとらえた動物たち
このサイトに登場する動物の実際の映像——狩り、けんか、そしてふだんの暮らしぶりまでそろっています。
Compare the American bison
Pick a tool — the American bison is already selected.
Compare every stat with any other animal.
Stand them on the same floor and see who's bigger.
Does it punch above its weight? Its stats against what body size predicts.
See where it sits in the tree of life.
