🦬Photo: Jack Dykinga · Public domain
🦬American bison
Bizon americký či severoamerický je mohutné zvíře z čeledi turovitých. Obrovská stáda bizonů, čítající milióny kusů, se kdysi proháněla po celé severní Americe od Aljašky po Mexický záliv. V 19. století byl téměř vyhuben, z původních 60 milionů kusů jich v roce 1889 zbylo ve volné přírodě jen několik stovek. Lidé poté vyvinuli značné úsilí k záchraně těchto zvířat a v polovině 20. století jich bylo již dvacet tisíc. V současnosti je jejich počet odhadován na 31 000 (stav k roku 2017) a IUCN jsou definováni jako téměř ohrožení. Existují dva poddruhy: bizon prérijní (Bison bison bison) a bizon lesní (Bison bison athabascae).
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2017.
- Body mass
- 625 kg
- Body length
- 2.9 m
- Shoulder height
- 1.66 m
- Top speed
- 52 km/h
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 33 years
Everything we know about the American bison
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass625 kgCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 630 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Body length2.9 mCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Shoulder height1.66 maverage1.54–1.76 m · range across sexesOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: female, male.
By sex
- Male1.76 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
- Female1.54 mMeagher 1986, Mammalian Species 266, p.1Value is the midpoint of the published range.
Top speed52 km/hDetails ↓Hide ↑
Sprint over a short distance, not a sustained pace. Compilations give 52.0 and 54.43 km/h.
Source: Christiansen 2002, Zool J Linn Soc 136:685 and Bejan & Marden 2006, J Exp Biol 209:238; compiled in Hirt et al. 2017, Nat Ecol Evol 1:1116, Supplementary Data · see citation
Brain mass334 gCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan33 yearsCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 34 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Generation length12 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity2.5 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation274 daysCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 274 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Litter size1COMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high
Trophic levelHerbivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleCrepuscular / mixedCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Home range47 km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Population density0.15 per km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l625 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for American bison yet: bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderArtiodactyla
- ›familyBovidae
- ›genusBison
- ›speciesBison bison
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderRuminantia
- infraorderPecora
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
More about the American bison
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