[ UA Jaguar 2014 01-16.jpg] Male jaguar photographed by automatic wildlife cameras in the Santa Rita Mountains on January 16, 2014, as part of a U.S.

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Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Southwest Reg… · Public domain

SpeciesCarnivoraFelidae

Carnivores

🐆Jaguar

Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)

美洲豹（學名：Panthera onca），又稱美洲虎，在南美也被称为斑点豹，属于猫科，也是美洲当地现存唯一一种豹属动物。美洲豹的分布，从美国西南部和墨西哥向南延伸，经过中美洲的许多地区，到达巴拉圭和阿根廷北部。尽管美国西部目前仍生活着零星的美洲豹，但自20世纪早期开始，它们中的大多数就已从美国消失。美洲豹在《自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中被列为“近危物种”，其数量正在减少。面临的威胁有：栖息地的丧失和细碎化。美洲豹是美洲最大的猫科动物，体型仅次于老虎、狮子，位列第三。这种带斑点的猫科动物和花豹非常相似，但往往更大、更结实。它们栖居在各种各样的森林和开阔地带，但更偏爱热带、亚热带潮湿的阔叶林、沼泽和林地。美洲豹酷爱游泳，大多数时候喜欢独居、属于尾随伏击猎物的机会型捕食者，位于食物链顶端。作为基石物种，在稳定生态系统、控制猎物数量方面起着重要作用。美洲豹咬力异常强大，和其他大型猫科动物比也一样。这让它能洞穿爬行动物身上披的壳，并采用一种罕见的杀戮方式：直接咬穿猎物双耳间的颅骨，给脑部致命一咬。尽管围绕美洲豹及其身体部位开展的国际贸易遭到禁止，这种猫科动物仍屡遭杀害；当它们跟南美农场主及农民起冲突时更是难逃厄运。美洲豹的栖息地虽然减少了，却依然广阔。美洲豹历史上的分布状况，使得它们在由美洲当地诸多文化衍生的神话里占据突出的地位；这些文化包括：玛雅文化和阿兹特克文化。

Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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Measurements

vs you

≈ 1.3× your weight

Conservation status

NTNear threatened

IUCN Red List assessment, 2017.

Population trendDecreasing

Key measurements

Body mass: 81 kg
Body length: 1.59 m
Shoulder height: 0.71 m
Top speed: not recorded
Bite force: 1,014 N
Maximum lifespan: 28 years

All measurements ↓

Facts and figures

Everything we know about the Jaguar

Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.

Body mass

81 kg

COMBINE

Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Figures vary

81 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: high

Body length

1.59 m

COMBINE

Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Shoulder height

0.71 m0.68–0.75 m · typical range

Details ↓

Sex not specified in source; value is the midpoint of the published range.

Source: Seymour 1989, Mammalian Species 340, p.1 · see citation

Bite force

1,014 N

Details ↓

Canine bite modelled by the dry-skull method (Thomason 1991) from a prepared skull; static bite at the canines, gape not stated. Not a live measurement. The skull's estimated body mass was 83.2 kg. The reassuring case: an independent muscle-cross-section model gives 945 N at the canine (Deutsch et al. 2025, Anat Rec 308:2944), within 7% of this figure. Highest bite-force quotient of any big cat here, which fits an animal that kills by biting through skulls and turtle shells.

Source: Wroe, McHenry & Thomason 2005, Proc R Soc B 272:619, Table 1 · see citation

Bite force for its size

137

Details ↓

Bite force normalised for body mass: the residual of canine bite force regressed on body mass, average across the sample set to 100. Above 100 means the animal bites harder than its size predicts. Do not cross-check against Wikipedia's BFQ table, which silently mixes this paper with Christiansen & Wroe 2007 and cites a popular-science book.

Source: Wroe, McHenry & Thomason 2005, Proc R Soc B 272:619, Table 1 · see citation

Brain mass

156 g

COMBINE

Details ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0

Maximum lifespan

28 years

COMBINE

Other figures ↓

Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0