🐦European robin
歐亞鴝(学名:Erithacus rubecula),又名知更鳥,是一種小型的雀形目鳥類,曾被界定為鸫亚科,現歸類為鹟科。歐洲很常見,由西伯利亞至阿爾及利亞,遠至大西洋的亚速尔群岛和马德拉群岛,以及東南面的高加索山脈,也有其蹤跡。 牠是歐洲常見的鳴禽,身長12.5–14.0厘米(5.0–5.5英寸),性好戰,因胸前鮮艷的羽毛最初被稱作redbreast(紅色胸脯)。15世紀歐洲時興以人名稱呼常見動物,時人稱它為Robin redbreast,後來簡略為robin(Lack,1953:44)。 叫聲囀鳴似笛,在繁殖季節由早至傍晚鳴叫,甚至夜晚,所以有人將牠與夜鶯混淆。冬季時雌鳥會另覓地方以便餵養小鳥,雄鳥則留守舊巢,全年居於同一地點。愛在縫隙、小洞甚至人造物料如棄置水壺築巢。小歐亞鴝羽毛顏色並不顯著,在從巢中飛出來的2至3個月後,紅色的羽毛開始在下巴長出,再過2至3個月,鮮艷的羽毛特徵漸漸形成。 在英國、愛爾蘭等地的花園,歐亞鴝很常見,牠們也不怕人,會趁園丁掘土時飛近尋找蚯蚓。雄性歐亞鴝對入侵地盤者有很大反應,就算沒有被挑釁也會作出攻擊,這跟牠給予大眾的和善觀感不太相符。 英國的歐亞鴝大部分長居,但有小部分雌鳥會在冬天南飛避寒,甚至遠至西班牙。斯堪地那維亞半島和俄羅斯的歐亞鴝會飛至英國避冬。 由於第1年的死亡率很高,歐亞鴝平均壽命僅1.1歲,但若順利度過1歲,則壽命會較長,曾有記載一隻歐亞鴝生存了12年。 本物种常被误认为哈波·李的小说《杀死一只知更鸟》(To kill a mockingbird)标题中的鸟类,实际上mockingbird指的是原产于美洲的鸟类反舌鸟。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2018.
- Body mass
- 0.02 kg
- Body length
- not recorded
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 19 years
Everything we know about the European robin
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass0.02 kgAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 0.02 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Tail length0.06 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.07 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.01 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.02 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan19 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelCarnivoreAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatForestAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleGeneralistAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l0 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for European robin yet: body length, shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderPasseriformes
- ›familyMuscicapidae
- ›genusErithacus
- ›speciesErithacus rubecula
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderPerching birds · Passeriformes
All 10 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderPerching birds · Passeriformes
More about the European robin
镜头下的动物
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