🦅European honey buzzard
鹃头蜂鹰（學名：Pernis apivorus，英語：European Honey Buzzard、Western Honey-Buzzard，台湾作西方蜂鷹），是鷹形目鷹科蜂鷹屬下的一種鳥類。這個物種為中等體型的遷徙性猛禽，5月至9月間於歐洲森林內繁殖，而其他時間在非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的林地或灌木草原渡過。西方蜂鷹如其名主要以蜜蜂或黃蜂的相關產物為食，以其在繁殖期時特殊的飛行展示聞名。 這個物種的個體變化相當大，但整體而言以其較小而帶有特殊羽毛的頭部、翅膀下的腕斑及橫紋、較大而有圓滑轉角的尾部能與其他長相相似的鵟屬物種區分。雄雌之間體型差異不大，主要在顏色上有所差異。成鳥眼睛虹膜為黃色，鳥喙黑色，腹部有著類似大理石紋路的斑紋；而幼鳥眼睛為褐色，鳥喙帶有黃色區塊，腹部及翅膀的斑紋也有所不同。 其繁殖期在五月至九月之間，每次產1—3枚卵，30—35天孵化，40—44天後可離巢，繁殖的成功率極大程度上受到食物供應及天氣冷暖的影響。雖然西方蜂鷹目前遭狩獵的問題較為嚴重，並可能有農藥毒害及撞擊致死的問題，但族群減少狀況仍尚不嚴重，故《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》將其列為無危物種。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2021.
- Body mass
- 0.75 kg
- Body length
- not recorded
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 29 years
Everything we know about the European honey buzzard
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass0.75 kgAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 0.76 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Tail length0.25 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.41 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.03 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.04 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan29 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelCarnivoreAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatForestAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleInsessorialAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l0.8 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for European honey buzzard yet: body length, shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderAccipitriformes
- ›familyAccipitridae
- ›genusPernis
- ›speciesPernis apivorus
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyAccipitridae
- genusPernis
All 12 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyAccipitridae
- genusPernis
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