🐃European bison
歐洲野牛（學名：Bison bonasus）為欧洲野牛屬內的一種，且為歐洲最重的陸上動物。一般的歐洲野牛約長2.9公尺，高1.8至2公尺，重300至1000公斤。比同屬的美洲野牛（B. bison）較瘦及較輕，且在頸部、頭部和前半部的毛髮都較短。歐洲野牛居主要住在東歐各大森林裡，更是白俄羅斯最大型的野生動物，故此其天敵除人類以外只有狼和熊。歐洲野牛第一次被科學地記載是在1758年由卡爾·林奈所完成。後來有一些記載將其和美洲野牛視為同種。它和原牛（Bos taurus primigenius）不同。（在英語裡，原牛的英文名稱aurochs亦被用來指歐洲野牛。）
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2020.
- Body mass
- 625 kg
- Body length
- 2.9 m
- Shoulder height
- 1.72 m
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 33 years
Everything we know about the European bison
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass625 kgCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 610 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Body length2.9 mCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Shoulder height1.72 maverageOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Species-level value synthesised as the mean of: male.
By sex
- Male1.72 mKrasinska & Krasinski 2002, Acta Theriologica 47:85-106, Table 8 (authors' own Bialowieza data), https://www.ibs.bialowieza.pl/g2/pdf/1357.pdfMEASURED, Bialowieza free-ranging and captive-centre animals. Withers height, males >=6 years (table row): n 39, mean "172", min-max "158-188" cm; females >=6 years: n 87, mean 152, 134-167 cm. ADW's 1.8-1.95 m 'height' exceeds these measured means -- prefer this primary dataset.
Maximum lifespan33 yearsCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 26 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Generation length9.84 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity2.3 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation274 daysCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 270 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Litter size1COMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Trophic levelHerbivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleCrepuscular / mixedCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Home range7.91 km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Population density0.88 per km²COMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l625 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for European bison yet: top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderArtiodactyla
- ›familyBovidae
- ›genusBison
- ›speciesBison bonasus
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderRuminantia
- infraorderPecora
- familyBovidae
- subfamilyBovinae
More about the European bison
镜头下的动物
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