🐟Chum salmon
大麻哈鱼(學名:Oncorhynchus keta,英語:chum salmon)又称大马哈魚、钩吻鲑、狗鮭、秋鮭、白鮭、日本鲑鱼,為鲑科麻哈魚屬的一种肉食性鱼类,广泛分布于北太平洋沿岸的中高纬度地区,在产卵期有和其它鲑科鱼类一样的溯河洄游习性。 大麻哈鱼名称源自赫哲語 dawa ịmaχa,滿語 dafaχa/ḱata,鄂温克语 kē̂ta;其種小名 keta 来自俄语的 кета ,而俄语称呼又源于满-通古斯语系北支的鄂温克语、埃文语和涅吉达尔语。汉语称呼“大麻哈鱼”来自于赫哲语的 dawa imaha,民国时期学者凌纯声的《松花江下游的赫哲族》在“鲑鱼”的条目下记为 dau imaha——赫哲语里面 imaha 是“鱼”的意思,故义为“dawa鱼”,“daw鱼”或“dau鱼”。汉语把 dawa/daw/dau 音译为“大”,把 imaha 音译为“麻哈”、“马哈”。另外,有些地方俗名称之为“大发哈鱼”,“达发哈鱼”,则是来自于满语 dafaha。 美国英语中通常将大麻哈鱼称为“chum salmon”,源自支努干混杂语 tzum,意思是“斑点”或“斑纹”;而在市面上销售时则常用“silverbrite salmon”的称呼,意为“银光鲑”。在日语中历史上传统的称呼为石桂魚(さけ,sa ke,与汉语中的石桂鱼并不相同),在明治时期则改用鮭(サケ)但是使用同音的汉文训读。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2024.
- Body mass
- 8.74 kg
- Body length
- 0.58 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 7 years
Everything we know about the Chum salmon
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass8.74 kgrecord 18 kg · FishBaseAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Body length0.58 mrecord 1 m · FishBasetypical adultFishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Record: largest individual on record
Source: FishBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Maximum lifespan7 yearsrecord 7 years · FishBaseAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic level3.74FishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: FishBase · v25.04, estimate table · CC BY-NC 4.0
DietcarnivoreaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
From trophic level 3.74 (FishBase): <2.2 herbivore, 2.2–2.8 omnivore, >2.8 carnivore.
Danger to humansharmlessFishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: FishBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume l8.7 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Chum salmon yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›orderSalmoniformes
- ›familySalmonidae
- ›genusOncorhynchus
- ›speciesOncorhynchus keta
- superclassRay-finned fish · Actinopterygii
- familySalmonidae
- subfamilySalmoninae
- genusOncorhynchus
All 12 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassRay-finned fish · Actinopterygii
- classActinopteri
- subclassNeopterygii
- orderSalmoniformes
- familySalmonidae
- subfamilySalmoninae
- genusOncorhynchus
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