🦅California condor
加州神鷲（學名：Gymnogyps californianus；英語：California condor）隶属于美洲鹫科，为北美洲大陆最大的鸟类，也是加州兀鷲屬内唯一的现存种。如今，加州神鹫可见于美国的亚利桑那州北部、犹他州南部（包括毗邻科罗拉多州大峽谷的区域）、加利福尼亚州的海岸山脉以及墨西哥的下加利福尼亞州北部。 加州神鹫是食腐動物。身长117-135厘米，体重7-14千克，具有所有北美洲原生鸟类中最宽的翼幅，同时与黑嘴天鹅等并称为全北美最重的鸟种之一。其通体大部分羽毛为黑色，翅膀下面有小块白色。头部秃毛，幼鸟肤色偏灰，性成熟后则从黄色到亮橙色不等。加州神鹫也是世界上寿命最长的鸟类之一，其寿命可达60年。 目前，加州神鷲被國際自然保護聯盟评定为極危级物種。20世纪以来，由于非法狩猎、鉛中毒和栖息地破坏，加州神鹫的数量急遽减少。1987年，美国的多个政府部门和非政府机构联合执行保护计划，捕获了当时仅存的22只野生加州神鹫，圈养在圣迭戈动物园和洛杉矶动物园人工繁育，此项计划的参与方包括美國魚類及野生動物管理局、加州魚類及野生動物管理局、奥杜邦学会和圣迭戈动物园野生动物联盟。1990年代，人工繁育下的加州神鹫数量有所增长，逐步放归野外。目前，每年都有约50只人工繁育的加州神鹫放归野外，野生种群中每年也平均有12-15只新生幼雏。截至2025年1月，世界上共有566只加州神鹫，其中369只生活在113个野外种群中。尽管人为保育工作初见成效，加州神鹫目前依然是世界上最濒危的鸟类之一。 加州神鹫在加州原住民文化中有着重要意义，是其传统神話中的重要角色。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2020.
- Body mass
- 8.44 kg
- Body length
- not recorded
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 45 years
Everything we know about the California condor
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass8.44 kgAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 11 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Tail length0.35 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.79 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.1 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.12 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan45 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Gestation57 daysAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Litter size1AnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelScavengerAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatShrublandAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleTerrestrialAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l8.4 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for California condor yet: body length, shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderAccipitriformes
- ›familyCathartidae
- ›genusGymnogyps
- ›speciesGymnogyps californianus
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyCathartidae
- genusGymnogyps
All 12 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyCathartidae
- genusGymnogyps
More about the California condor
镜头下的动物
站内动物的实拍影像——捕猎、打斗，还有各自过日子的样子。
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