🦩Photo: Alan D. Wilson, www.naturespicsonline.com (ori… · CC BY-SA 3.0
🦩Brown pelican
褐鵜鶘（學名：Pelecanus occidentalis）是鹈鹕科的鸟类，为新大陆的三种鹈鹕之一，也是唯二会潜水捕猎的鹈鹕。在大西洋沿岸，该鸟分布范围北至美国新泽西州、南至亚马逊河河口，在太平洋沿岸则是自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省至智利中部，亦在加拉帕戈斯群岛有分布。褐鹈鹕的指名亚种在繁殖季头部为白色，头顶有一片黄色羽毛，头颈则是深褐红色。其喉囊周围有一圈白色羽毛，而前颈下部则有一块淡黄色的斑块。褐鹈鹕眼眶周围的皮肤在繁殖季是明亮的粉色，而在非繁殖季则会变为黯淡的灰色。 褐鹈鹕主要以鱼为食，但偶尔也会食用两栖动物、甲壳类、雏鸟及鸟蛋。其会群聚于岛屿、有植被的沙丘、灌木丛或是红树林等人迹罕至之处筑巢。雌鸟会产下2—3枚白垩色的椭圆形蛋。褐鹈鹕的蛋会在一个月后孵化，期间双亲均会参与孵蛋。刚破壳的雏鸟为粉红色，于4—14天后变为灰色或黑色，并在破壳后63天左右有飞行能力。6—9周大的幼鸟会离开鸟巢，并与其他幼鸟抱团形成小团体。 褐鹈鹕是法属圣马丁、巴巴多斯与圣基茨和尼维斯的国鸟，亦是美国路易斯安那州的州鸟，在这些国家与地区的旗帜、印章或是国徽上有所出现。虽然褐鹈鹕位于加利福尼亚州和美国南部的种群数量在20世纪因狄氏剂和DDT的影响而大幅减少，甚至于1973年被立法保护，但由于以佛罗里达州为首的各州先后立法禁止DDT等有害农药，褐鹈鹕的种群正在恢复，目前被IUCN评为无危。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2018.
- Body mass
- 3.43 kg
- Body length
- 1.14 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 43 years
Everything we know about the Brown pelican
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass3.43 kgrecord 3.2 kg · SeaLifeBaseAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
By sex
- Male3.7 kgWikidataQ208714
- Female3.17 kgWikidataQ208714
Figures vary
- 3.12 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Body length1.14 mmaximum recorded, total lengthSeaLifeBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: SeaLifeBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Tail length0.13 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.49 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.32 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.07 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan43 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Gestation29 daysAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Litter sizeabout 3AnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelCarnivoreAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatMarineAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleAerialAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l3.4 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Brown pelican yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderPelecaniformes
- ›familyPelecanidae
- ›genusPelecanus
- ›speciesPelecanus occidentalis
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- familyPelecanidae
- genusPelecanus
All 11 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- familyPelecanidae
- genusPelecanus
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