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🐟Beluga sturgeon
歐洲鳇（學名：Huso huso；英語：beluga sturgeon、great sturgeon）又稱歐鳇、黑海鰉、大白鱘、鰉魚、鰉，是鲟科、鳇属的一種溯河产卵的洄遊性魚類，分布在里海、亚速海及黑海，也曾见于亚得里亚海。成鱼体长可达6公尺，重达1.5吨，是最大的軟骨硬鱗魚，也是除翻车鱼类以外现存最大的硬骨魚。 幼鱼主要以软体动物、甲壳类等无脊椎动物为食，随着身体成长，其食物中的鱼类占比逐渐增大；成鱼为典型的掠食性鱼类，性凶猛，以其他鱼类为主食，甚至在大个体成鱼的胃中发现过里海海豹的幼崽。洄游期间一般不摄食。 歐洲鳇的寿命可达100年。雌鱼至15－20歲才能成熟产卵，卵径超过3.5毫米，用以制成的鱼子酱极为珍贵，是卵粒最大、价格最高昂的鱼子酱，21 世纪初的市场价为每千克7000－10000美元不等。其卵粒色泽光润，呈灰黑色到浅灰色（年龄较大的雌鱼所产的卵颜色较浅，并且最具价值），口感柔滑，带有浓厚的奶油香味且回味持久。鱼子酱产业使欧洲鳇遭到大量捕捞和偷猎，野生种群已大幅减少，被 IUCN 评估为极危物种。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2022.
- Body mass
- 1,140 kg
- Body length
- 2.15 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 118 years
Everything we know about the Beluga sturgeon
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass1,140 kgrecord 3,200 kg · FishBaseAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Body length2.15 mrecord 8 m · FishBasetypical adultFishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Record: largest individual on record
Source: FishBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Maximum lifespan118 yearsrecord 118 years · FishBaseAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic level4.42FishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: FishBase · v25.04, estimate table · CC BY-NC 4.0
DietcarnivoreaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
From trophic level 4.42 (FishBase): <2.2 herbivore, 2.2–2.8 omnivore, >2.8 carnivore.
Danger to humansharmlessFishBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: FishBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Volume l1,140 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Beluga sturgeon yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- superclassRay-finned fish · Actinopterygii
- orderAcipenseriformes
- suborderAcipenseroidei
- familyAcipenseridae
All 11 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassRay-finned fish · Actinopterygii
- classActinopteri
- subclassChondrostei
- orderAcipenseriformes
- suborderAcipenseroidei
- familyAcipenseridae
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