European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos arctos) at Whipsnade Zoo.🐻

Photo: Francis C. Franklin · CC BY-SA 3.0

FamilyCarnivoraUrsidae
Carnivores

🐻Bears

Ursidae

熊即熊科(学名:Ursidae)动物的通称,是一种大型哺乳類,属于食肉目。目前该科共有六属八种,除非洲(阿特拉斯棕熊已於1870年滅絕)及大洋洲與南極洲已無現生野外種群外,广泛分布于北半球和南半球的部分地區。 常见的特征是身躯庞大、四肢粗壮有力、长鼻子、厚毛发、短尾、跖行足、每只脚爪上有五个弯曲锋利不能回缩的爪子(对比猫科动物的爪子是可以回缩的)。北极熊基本是食肉动物,大熊猫以竹子等植物为主食,但偶尔也会食肉,其他的熊都是杂食动物。 除去母亲带小熊的情况,一般是独自行动。昼出夜伏,不过也会在夜晚或黎明活动,特别是在人类附近的时候。嗅觉极其灵敏,看似笨拙,实际奔跑速度极快,时速可达40km/h,耐力超群,而且可以适应各种气候和地形。秋天時,熊吃了发酵的果子会表现出醉态。熊需要一个掩蔽所,如一个山洞或树洞,以供冬季在其中冬眠,冬眠有时会长达100天。 史前人类就有捕猎熊的历史,为了获取它们的肉和毛皮。它们的形象经常出现在神话传说、文学、艺术中。但在现代社会,因为栖息地减少和非法的熊制品贸易,熊面临着灭绝的压力。有六种熊处于危险至濒危级别,棕熊在有些地区已经灭绝。

Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Videos
1,282
Photos
6
Measurements
13
vs you
≈ 2.5× your weight
Also called
Ursidae
Conservation status
Not evaluated

The Red List assesses individual species. Each animal in this group has its own status.

Key measurements
Body mass
152 kg
Body length
1.75 m
Shoulder height
0.92 m
Top speed
43 km/h
Bite force
1,436 N
Maximum lifespan
40 years
All measurements ↓
Facts and figures

Everything we know about Bears

Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.

Body mass
152 kgaverage46–372 kg · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Body length
1.75 maverage1.31–2.29 m · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Shoulder height
0.92 maverage0.68–1.45 m · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 7 member species

Top speed
43 km/haverage39–47 km/h · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 2 member species

Bite force
1,436 Naverage751–2,121 N · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 2 member species

Brain mass
333 gaverage243–476 g · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Maximum lifespan
40 yearsaverage34–50 years · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Generation length
12 yearsaverage9.99–16 years · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Age at maturity
4.5 yearsaverage1,015–2,413 days · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Gestation
151 daysaverage91–226 days · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Litter size
about 2average1.1–2.46 · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 8 member species

Home range
12,937 km²average0.7–77,270 km² · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 6 member species

Population density
0.32 per km²average0.01–1.21 per km² · range across the group
aggregated across members
Details ↓

range across 6 member species

average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.

Where it sits

Family tree

  1. kingdomAnimalia
  2. ›phylumChordata
  3. ›classMammalia
  4. ›orderCarnivora
  5. ›familyUrsidae
Full lineage
  1. classMammals · Mammalia
  2. superorderLaurasiatheria
  3. orderCarnivorans · Carnivora
  4. suborderCaniformia
All 12 branches ↓
  1. kingdomMetazoa
  2. phylumChordata
  3. subphylumCraniata
  4. subphylumVertebrata
  5. superclassGnathostomata
  6. superclassSarcopterygii
  7. superclassTetrapoda
  8. classMammals · Mammalia
  9. subclassTheria
  10. superorderLaurasiatheria
  11. orderCarnivorans · Carnivora
  12. suborderCaniformia
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In other languages
beren (nl), หมี (th), خرس (fa), דוביים (he), Bjørne (da), Bären (de) … and 28 more languages
Animals in this group
This group covers 105 named animals, living and extinct. The figures above are averages across them.

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