🦅Bald Eagle
白頭海鵰（學名：Haliaeetus leucocephalus；英語：Bald eagle），又名禿頭海鵰，俗稱秀鵰、禿頭鵰、白頭鵰或白頭鷹，是分佈於北美洲的大型猛禽。白頭海鵰有分為北部與南部的兩種亞種，並與白尾海鵰形成複合種。分佈於加拿大、美國全境以及墨西哥的北部。平常在大片的開放水域活動，主要以魚為食，但牠們亦會因應不同的環境而捕獵不同的動物，因此有時牠們亦會以腐肉、中小型的哺乳動物和其他鳥類為食，甚至是搶奪其他動物捕獲的獵物維生。並為了食物進行季節性的遷徙行為。 白頭海鵰是種大型鳥類，身長達70—102公分，翼展1.8—2.3公尺，體重3—6.3公斤，雌性體積比雄性大25％左右。成年的白頭海鵰的身軀呈棕色，尾部和頭部均呈白色，其虹膜、喙、腳均呈鮮黃色，並有強而有力的鉤爪及不錯的飛行能力。牠們在4—5歲時踏入性成熟的階段，會常常回到自己的出生地進行繁殖，行終身伴侶制。巢穴通常遠離人類的干擾，並築在鄰近水源且相當高的老樹上，且相當龐大。每年產1—3顆蛋，並需要8—14週的時間才會離巢。野生白頭海鵰壽命約為20年左右。 在20世紀，主要受到殺蟲劑及被狩獵影響，白頭海鵰的數量不斷下降，在美國本土幾乎絕跡。但牠們的數量已藉由相關的保護措施回復至一定數量，甚至造成了部分危害。2004年起被《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》被列入無危物種。 白頭海鵰是美國的國鳥，出現在各種官方的徽章或標誌上，可在重要場合上見其存在；也與當地原住民文化息息相關，被視為神聖的鳥類。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2024.
- Body mass
- 4.7 kg
- Body length
- 1 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 48 years
Everything we know about the Bald Eagle
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass4.7 kgAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
By sex
- Male4.13 kgWikidataQ127216
- Female5.35 kgWikidataQ127216
Figures vary
- 3.17 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Body length1 mmaximum recorded, total lengthSeaLifeBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: SeaLifeBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Tail length0.29 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.6 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.08 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.08 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan48 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Gestation35 daysAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Litter sizeabout 2AnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelCarnivoreAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatWetlandAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleGeneralistAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l4.7 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Bald Eagle yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderAccipitriformes
- ›familyAccipitridae
- ›genusHaliaeetus
- ›speciesHaliaeetus leucocephalus
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyAccipitridae
- genusHaliaeetus
All 12 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderHawks & eagles · Accipitriformes
- familyAccipitridae
- genusHaliaeetus
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