🐋Baiji
白鱀豚(學名:Lipotes vexillifer)也称白鳍豚,又訛作“白暨豚”,是中國特有的一种淡水鯨,曾分布于长江中下游水系与富春江,有“长江女神”“水中大熊猫”之称。分类位置一度存在争议,曾被视为亚河豚、恆河豚等其他淡水豚类的近亲,后经全面的形态学和遗传学研究,确认其自成一科,为古老的孑遗物种。 白鱀豚通常结成小群活动,捕食小型鱼类。性情羞怯,缺少丰富而顯见的生态行为,长久以来罕为人知,20世纪后半叶以来受工业和渔业发展的严重侵害而数量锐减,1988年被中國列入国家一级保护动物,但因经济建设与生态治理之间存在难以调和的矛盾,各类危害其生存的活动始终未能遏止。因长期未得到有效保护,白鱀豚种群的衰亡态势已不可挽回,被认为是长江动物群中伴随人类发展而产生的众多牺牲品的代表,也是首个由于人为因素而走向灭绝的鲸豚类动物。 白鱀豚在1918年便已被西方学者描述,但中国学界至1978年才正式对其开展研究工作,而活体白鱀豚在当时已十分罕见。1980年一头雄性幼豚在长江交接洞庭湖口处被渔民捕获,中国科学院水生生物研究所将其饲养并取名为“淇淇”,自此成为白鱀豚相关信息的重要来源。2002年7月14日“淇淇”死亡后再无确切的白鱀豚活体记录。2006年11月6日至12月13日,中科院水生所联合多個西方国家的科研机构,组成近40人的考察团进行为期六周的“2006长江淡水豚类考察”,最终未观测到任何白鱀豚,国际学界因此认定白鱀豚功能性灭绝。2007年以后零星的目击报告和影像资料显示白鱀豚可能还有残余个体,但已不足延续种群。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2017.
- Body mass
- 98 kg
- Body length
- 2.1 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 24 years
Everything we know about the Baiji
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass98 kgrecord 135 kg · SeaLifeBaseCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Record: largest individual on record
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
By sex
- Female240 kgSeaLifeBasev25.04SeaLifeBase populates Weight independently of Length; the two are not guaranteed to describe the same individual. Verify before publishing.
Figures vary
- 84 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: questionable
Body length2.1 mCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
By sex
- Female2.6 mSeaLifeBasev25.04
Figures vary
- 2.3 mSeaLifeBasev25.04
Brain mass558 gCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan24 yearsCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 24 yearsAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: questionable
Generation length13 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Age at maturity9.2 yearsCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Gestation319 daysCOMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 319 daysAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: questionable
Litter size1COMBINEOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 1AnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: questionable
Trophic levelCarnivoreCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Activity cycleDiurnalCOMBINEDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: COMBINE · v1 (Soria et al. 2021) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l98 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for Baiji yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classMammalia
- ›orderCetacea
- ›familyLipotidae
- ›genusLipotes
- ›speciesLipotes vexillifer
- classMammals · Mammalia
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- infraorderWhales & dolphins · Cetacea
- genusLipotes
All 15 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- classMammals · Mammalia
- subclassTheria
- superorderLaurasiatheria
- orderEven-toed hoofed animals · Artiodactyla
- suborderWhippomorpha
- infraorderWhales & dolphins · Cetacea
- familyLipotidae
- genusLipotes
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