🐧African Penguin
斑嘴環企鵝（學名：Spheniscus demersus），又名南非企鵝、非洲企鵝、公驢企鵝或黑腳企鵝，是一種生活在南部非洲沿岸的環企鵝屬鳥類。牠們僅分布於南部非洲，也是唯一一種分布於非洲的企鵝。牠們是魚食性，主要以沙丁魚或鯷魚為食，並生活在南非跟納米比亞沿岸的海岸或離島上。叫聲類似於驢子因而得名「公驢企鵝」此一暱稱。 斑嘴環企鵝的體長約60—70公分，體重約2.1—3.7公斤，壽命約10—27年，體色主要是黑白雙色並輔以部分粉紅色，特徵是其胸上一條馬蹄形的黑色寬帶，以及黑白相間的臉部圖案。雄雌差異不大，求偶時有特殊的儀式，行一夫一妻制。雌鳥一次產2顆卵，並由雙親輪流照顧蛋，在38—40天後孵化。在60—130天內開始更換為亞成鳥的羽毛，並在10—22個月後換為成鳥羽毛，並在約四歲時性成熟並繁殖。 牠們除了非洲毛皮海獅及黑背鷗等天敵之外，也備受環境變遷、人為干擾及污染帶來的危害。油污及噪音的汙染導致牠們不能正常覓食及溝通，環境的變遷使魚群改變位置而不易覓食，食物的減少亦導致其繁殖率的下降。其數量自1930年代的57萬對企鵝下滑至2019年的2.1萬對，並且沒有停止的趨勢，因此被《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》列入瀕危物種。
Text: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
IUCN Red List assessment, 2024.
- Body mass
- 3.13 kg
- Body length
- 0.7 m
- Shoulder height
- not recorded
- Top speed
- not recorded
- Bite force
- not recorded
- Maximum lifespan
- 27 years
Everything we know about the African Penguin
Typical adult figures. Where a value is an estimate rather than a measurement, it says so.
Body mass3.13 kgrecord 3.1 kg · SeaLifeBaseAVONETOther figures ↓Hide ↑
Record: largest individual on record
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Figures vary
- 3.13 kgAnAgeAnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR)data quality: acceptable
Body length0.7 mmaximum recorded, total lengthSeaLifeBaseDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: SeaLifeBase · v25.04 · CC BY-NC 4.0
Tail length0.03 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Wing length0.1 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Beak length0.06 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Tarsus length0.03 mAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Maximum lifespan27 yearsAnAgeDetails ↓Hide ↑
data quality: acceptable
Source: AnAge · AnAge build 15, 2023-07-03 (HAGR) · CC BY 3.0
Trophic levelCarnivoreAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
HabitatMarineAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
LifestyleAquaticAVONETDetails ↓Hide ↑
Source: AVONET · v1.1 (Tobias et al. 2022) · CC BY 4.0
Volume l3.1 LaverageDetails ↓Hide ↑
Body mass at ~1.0 kg/L, the density of vertebrate tissue.
average = a mean across sexes or species in a group.
Not recorded for African Penguin yet: shoulder height, top speed, bite force.
Family tree
- kingdomAnimalia
- ›phylumChordata
- ›classAves
- ›orderSphenisciformes
- ›familySpheniscidae
- ›genusSpheniscus
- ›speciesSpheniscus demersus
- classBirds · Aves
- orderPenguins · Sphenisciformes
- familySpheniscidae
- genusSpheniscus
All 12 branches ↓Fewer branches ↑
- kingdomMetazoa
- phylumChordata
- subphylumCraniata
- subphylumVertebrata
- superclassGnathostomata
- superclassSarcopterygii
- superclassTetrapoda
- orderSauria
- classBirds · Aves
- orderPenguins · Sphenisciformes
- familySpheniscidae
- genusSpheniscus
More about the African Penguin
镜头下的动物
站内动物的实拍影像——捕猎、打斗，还有各自过日子的样子。
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